Integral Formulation of QENDy for Robust Nonlinear System Identification

This manuscript proposes an integral formulation of the newly defined quadratic embedding method for identifying nonlinear systems (QENDy). In the original algorithm, trajectory data points along with their time derivatives are used.

Methods for calculating time derivatives make the algorithm sensitive to noise. Our integral formulation does not use the time derivatives.

This results in a more robust method to learn the dynamics.