OmnilingualGAIA2: Evaluating the Multilingual Gap in Frontier AI Agents
2608.08775

Authors

Pierre Andrews,Grégoire Mialon,Romain Froger,Marta R. Costa-jussà,Andrea Caciolai

Abstract

Agentic benchmarks aim to measure how well AI agents plan, search, execute, and recover within realistic multi-tool environments, but they are almost exclusively in English. As AI agents are globally deployed to a linguistically diverse user base, whether agentic competence measured in English transfers to other languages remains an open question.

We introduce OmnilingualGAIA2, a machine-translated expansion (with partial human- expert validation) of the GAIA2 agentic benchmark, covering ten target languages spanning five writing systems, paired with a localised and human-calibrated multilingual verifier. Evaluating seven frontier and open-weight agents, we find a universal cross-lingual gap of 8.8-18.4 pass@3 points that is agent-asymmetric in magnitude, concentrates on tool-orchestration rather than quantitative reasoning, and does not close with model scale.

A stratified error attribution decomposes the gap as predominantly model-driven (55%), with a bounded translation-contamination floor of only 6.4% of scenario-language pairs. Human-expert linguistic analysis further identifies morphological cue loss and amplified ambiguity as the primary failure mechanisms in non-Latin-script languages.

Our results argue that multilingual agentic evaluation must become a standard part of the reporting protocol for globally deployed agents.

Resources

Ray graphicRay graphicRay graphicRay graphic

Stay in the loop

Every AI paper that matters, free in your inbox daily.

Details

  • takara.ai
  • Custom AI and machine learning from the Frontier Research Team.
  • © 2026 takara.ai Ltd
  • Content is sourced from third-party publications.
Ray graphicRay graphicRay graphic