Devils in Question Relay: Source-Conditioned Relay Steering to Mitigate Hallucinations in Audio-visual Large Language Models
2609.37568

Authors

Yu Zhang,Pingrui Zhang,Xuefeng Bai,Pengfei Zhang,Yang Xiang

Abstract

Audio-visual large language models (AVLLMs) have made remarkable progress in multimodal understanding and reasoning through interactions among visual, auditory, and linguistic information. However, recent studies show that AVLLMs face a critical challenge: $**source-confused grounding hallucination**$, where cues from the unused modality induce responses that the required modality does not support, undermining reliability in real-world applications.

Existing methods have made progress in mitigating this failure, yet how it arises from internal cross-modal interactions remains insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we conduct path-intervention and representation analyses, revealing a $**question-relay**$ mechanism: question states carry interfering cues alongside required-source evidence, undermining grounding in required-modality evidence.

Cutting pathways from interfering modality to question states yields greater correct-answer logit recovery than cutting those to the generation position. Motivated by these findings, we propose $**SECRET**$ ($**S**$ourc$**E**$-$**C**$onditioned $**RE**$lay s$**T**$eering), a training-free method that mitigates cross-modal interference at the question relay.

Using contrasting question representations elicited through different modality-pathway interventions, SECRET steers the original question states toward required-source evidence. Experiments on two widely adopted benchmarks CMM and AVHBench across three AVLLMs show that SECRET consistently outperforms prior training-free methods, substantially mitigating source-confused grounding hallucinations (e.g., up to +18.0 and +7.1 percentage points over base models).

Modality-specific captioning further demonstrates its generalizability to open-ended generation.

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