Neural surrogates provide computationally efficient auto-regressive modeling of wave propagation, enabling e.g. fast inverse solutions.

Despite recent progress, the current surrogates are not yet sufficient for the needs of ultrasonic sensing, characterized by high frequency and heterogeneous propagation media. We show how methods building on Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) fail to capture essential signal features, such as reflections, whereas U-Net -based methods learn the wave fields well but lack the ability to transfer information across different spatial scales.

We then propose a new surrogate that captures the best of the two worlds, by integrating FNOs and local-integral resampling into a U-Net architecture. We show it can be trained on limited data, and that the predictions are robust to input noise and work across spatial scales.