In reinforcement learning, advantage-based value-learning methods, unlike standard Q-learning, share information across actions by decomposing the action-value function into a state-dependent value component and action-specific advantages. While this mechanism has proven effective in both tabular and deep reinforcement learning, its theoretical understanding remains incomplete.

We introduce V-SHARE, an advantage-based value-learning algorithm that combines cross-action value sharing with an importance-weighted Bellman-residual correction. To our knowledge, we provide the first complete theoretical characterization of an advantage-based algorithm, including both asymptotic convergence and non-asymptotic finite-sample guarantees.

We identify a regime in which V-SHARE mitigates the rare-action bottleneck of asynchronous Q-learning and uncover a contraction--variance tradeoff between stronger deterministic contraction and increased importance-weighting noise. Motivated by this tradeoff, we develop decreasing residual-preconditioning schedules that combine faster early contraction with lower asymptotic noise.

We further develop a two-timescale analysis that removes the single-timescale residual-weight threshold while preserving convergence guarantees. Experiments on discrete Markov decision processes (MDPs) and deep reinforcement-learning benchmarks corroborate our results.