We study group distributionally robust optimization (GDRO) over decentralized networks, where workers collaborate to learn robust models by minimizing the maximum local risk. Existing methods optimize only dual-regularized surrogates and establish guarantees for a globally averaged model that is not available to workers.

In this paper, we directly optimize the original GDRO objective and establish guarantees for local models in semi-decentralized (SemiDec) and fully decentralized (Dec) settings. A key difficulty is that applying the primal-dual decomposition from centralized GDRO yields worker-dependent losses whose evaluation requires unavailable cross-worker information.

To address this challenge, we develop a novel error decomposition that recasts decentralized GDRO as (i) a decentralized online convex optimization (D-OCO) problem and a prediction-with-expert-advice problem in SemiDec, and as (ii) two coupled D-OCO problems in Dec, with discrepancy terms capturing inconsistencies among local decisions. By isolating consensus errors in analysis, we develop modular frameworks that support different consensus routines.

We then establish the first per-worker convergence guarantees for optimizing the original GDRO objective over decentralized networks. Instantiations with accelerated gossip and Choco-gossip achieve an $O(\sqrt{(\log m)/T})$ convergence rate over $T$ update rounds, while experiments demonstrate improved worst-worker performance over baselines.